Admitted to the Union on December 29, 1845 as the 28th state. Prior to statehood, as the Republic of Texas (1836 – 1845) no formal censuses were taken, however, there are various census substitutes available, compiled from tax lists indexes for the period 1820 – 1849.

• 1850 federal census extant for all counties except no census taken in El Paso County.
• 1860 federal census extant for all counties except Blanco and Tarrant.
• 1870 federal census extant for all counties except Palo Pinto.
• 1880 federal census extant for all counties.
• 1890 federal census lost for all counties except small parts of Ellis, Hood, Kaufman, Rusk, and Trinity.
• 1900 – 1940 federal censuses for all counties extant except for 1890 (see above).